Raul Castro, who has been running Cuba since his brother Fidel was sidelined by illness 19 months ago, gestures during a meeting of the National Assembly in Havana February 24, 2008. Photo/REUTERS Cubans celebrated a half-a-century of revolution a few days ago. But the revolution’s maker, El Commandante Fidel Castro, couldn’t make it to the grand stand last Thursday.
If standing up to the United States is a measure of the revolution’s success, then Cuba excelled. If it’s improving the welfare of the citizenry, the revolution remains stale.
It wasn’t for lack of wanting that Mr Castro stayed home. At 82, he’s also ailing. Two-and-a-half-years ago, he turned the reins of power to his brother, Raul, 77, and last February the presidency – not Communist Party leadership. That sounds like a hereditary rule and counter-revolutionary.
Maybe the brothers deserve a lifetime leadership. They led a guerrilla movement that ousted President Fulgencio Batista in 1959. Actually, Mr Batista and entourage, including American Mafia bosses, fled. Critics accuse the former president and his supporters of carting US$700 million in fine art and cash.
Washington supported the decadent Batista administration. Cheered by bellicose exiles who fled the revolution, Washington failed to see that Mr Castro could be seduced, more accurately that in the then existing geopolitical sphere, it was to the interests of the US to accommodate him. That’s lack of diplomatic innovation.
Hence, all but one of 10 US presidents would spend 50 years trying to topple a government off Florida’s coast. First, the US imposed sanctions, then a bungled support of an invasion by Cuban exiles and machinations to isolate Cuba, very successful in Latin America. The CIA had galore bizarre assassination plots against Mr Castro.
In all fairness, Mr Castro introduced fundamental reforms. The country’s education and health care rivals those in some developed nations. The revolution didn’t consume its own a la the Russian. Cuba’s imprisonment of opponents was modest, around 15,000 in 1964. Moreover, the revolution ended political confusion. Notable, Cuba remained peaceful in an era of military dictatorships and violence in most of Latin America.
The downside is that Mr Castro turned Cuba into a Soviet Union’s surrogate. The much-praised Cuban support for “people’s struggles” only advanced the Soviet Union’s efforts against the United States for world domination. The Russians lost that round and began retooling. Cuba remains stuck in “Gringos this and that.”
Little of Soviet Union’s US$4-$5 billion annual handout to Cuba went to improving long-term well-being of the citizenry. The desperate measures Cubans have taken to escape the revolution testify to that.
For example, when in 1978, in order to burden the US, Mr. Castro said Cubans in love with the Gringos could go; even the mentally handicapped were among the 120,000 who took off. Some of them knew they might turn into meals for sharks in the Florida Straight, but went anyway.
Average monthly income in Cuba is US$20. The birth rate is 1.6 children per woman. Life expectancy is 77 years. No wonder Viagra is a hot commodity in the black market. Its reproductive value is dubious though. Only recently did President Raul Castro permit Cubans to buy cellphones, gadgets nomads in Africa have been using to raid each other for livestock.
There is no doubt US embargo hurt Cuba. In fact, some US laws on embargo hamper other countries dealings with Cuba.
Stifle innovationOn the other hand, Mr Castro’s obsession with the US seems to have stifled innovations to circumvent the embargo. After all, the US isn’t the world.
Cuba is currently enjoying unprecedented support in the world. Unfortunately, Comrade Raul remains obsessed with the US. During the celebrations, he warned the “enemy will never stop being aggressive…” That kind of thinking limits options.
What Cuban leadership needs, for now, isn’t jettisoning its political system. It needs to take off the anti-Gringos straight jacket and get about 11 million citizens in step with the rest of the world. A good model exists, China
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